Phosphorus
P — Element #15
also known as Phosphate, Inorganic phosphate, Dipotassium phosphate, Disodium phosphate
The second most abundant mineral in the body after calcium. Phosphorus is built into bones and teeth, into the DNA in every cell, and into the energy molecule (ATP) that powers everything from muscle contraction to thinking. Most people get plenty from diet — modern Western diets often have too much from processed foods, not too little.
Role in the body Structural in bones (as hydroxyapatite); component of DNA, RNA, ATP, cell membranes (phospholipids); pH buffering
Recommended daily intake
- Adults · 700 mg
- Pregnancy Lactation · 700 mg (1,250 mg for ages 14-18)
Upper intake limit
4,000 mg/day for most adults; 3,000 mg for adults 71+
Signs of deficiency
- Rare in healthy people with normal eating
- Bone pain, weakness
- Loss of appetite, irritability
- Numbness, fatigue
- More commonly seen in starvation, alcoholism, or after refeeding from severe malnutrition
- Required for bone and tooth strength — about 85% of the body's phosphorus is stored in the skeleton
- Structural component of DNA, RNA, and cell membranes
- Essential for ATP, the molecule the body uses to power nearly every cellular activity
- Helps maintain the body's acid-base balance
- Found widely in protein foods — meat, fish, dairy, eggs, beans, nuts, whole grains
Active in HPO₄²⁻ (hydrogen phosphate), H₂PO₄⁻ (dihydrogen phosphate).
Excess phosphorus, especially from processed foods and cola drinks, can pull calcium from bones over time
Skip phosphorus supplements with kidney disease — failing kidneys can't clear it, and high blood phosphorus damages blood vessels and bones
High dietary phosphorus combined with low calcium is a particular concern for bone health
Phosphorus binders are prescription medications used in late-stage kidney disease — not the same as supplementation
Most people meet phosphorus needs easily through diet; standalone supplementation is rarely needed
Use caution with antacids that contain calcium, magnesium, or aluminum — they can reduce phosphorus absorption
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